The degradation of the Aral Sea has led to significant ecological, economic, and social transformations across Central Asia. In recent years, the need to assess and restore ecosystem services in the former Aral Sea region has become a strategic priority. This paper explores theoretical frameworks and practical approaches to the economic valuation of ecosystem services in this ecologically sensitive area. Emphasis is placed on methods such as contingent valuation, benefit transfer, and ecosystem accounting. By analyzing local environmental conditions, stakeholder needs, and regional policy frameworks, the study provides a structured approach to quantifying the economic value of biodiversity, climate regulation, soil fertility, and other critical ecosystem functions. The findings aim to support sustainable development initiatives, environmental compensation mechanisms, and policy decision-making in the region.