The present review synthesizes existing literature on rural livelihood resilience, focusing on multidimensional assessment frameworks and indices that evaluate social, economic, natural, and institutional assets. It examines multidimensional assessment methodologies that integrate social, economic, natural, physical and institutional capital. The analysis highlights livelihood diversification, adaptive management and institutional support as pivotal for enhancing adaptive capacity. The review also explores the impacts of external drivers like climate change and urbanization, emphasizing the need for strong rural-urban linkages. It concludes that building resilience requires context-specific, integrated strategies to improve resource access and social inclusiveness. However, gaps remain in longitudinal data and equity integration. Future research should thus develop participatory, scalable assessment mechanisms to guide policies that effectively mitigate vulnerabilities and promote sustainable rural development.