Based on the concept of Outcome-Based Education (OBE), this study explores the application of AI technology in the instructional design and implementation of rehabilitation professional courses. The research adopts a combination of literature analysis, case studies, and teaching experiments. It designs an outcome-oriented teaching plan for rehabilitation courses that integrates AI technology and conducts a small-scale practice to verify the feasibility of the plan. The study finds that the OBE concept is highly compatible with AI technology. AI technology can effectively support precise curriculum system design based on outcome requirements, immersive digital teaching implementation, targeted evaluation and feedback, and comprehensively promote the achievement of learning outcomes. Therefore, AI technology should be widely applied in curriculum instructional design to better realize the OBE concept. The effective integration of the OBE concept and AI technology is an important direction for upgrading the teaching model, which is worth further exploration and practice. Subsequent research can continue to expand the application areas of this model, enrich specific implementation strategies, and conduct large-sample application effect verification to provide support for scale-up and promotion.