Primary school science experiments are crucial methods and pathways for achieving literacy goals. They play a significant role in cultivating primary school students' interest and thinking in science, enhancing their understanding of scientific concepts, and mastering scientific laws. However, the current state of primary school science experiment teaching is far from satisfactory. Students find it challenging to "learn by doing" and "think while learning" during science experiments. Primary school science teachers should focus on cultivating students' scientific literacy as their primary goal. This involves clarifying the connotation and characteristics of experiments, making comprehensive plans for experiment teaching, selecting appropriate teaching content, innovating experimental teaching designs, and implementing diverse evaluation methods. These measures are essential to achieving the literacy goals of primary school science experiment teaching.