In the rapidly transforming global economy, Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) plays a pivotal role in ensuring organizational and economic resilience amidst the twin forces of technological disruption and globalization. The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), automation, and platform-based labor ecosystems has redefined work patterns, skill demands, and employment relationships, urging HR leaders and policymakers to adopt adaptive, forward-looking strategies. This study aims to analyze the comparative dynamics of skill diversification, labor market evolution, and economic adaptability across developed and emerging economies. Through an integrated HRM-economic framework, the research evaluates how strategic HR practices—such as continuous learning, talent reconfiguration, and digital competency building—enhance workforce sustainability and national competitiveness. The Comparative analysis reveals that while advanced economies are leveraging AI-driven HR analytics, reskilling initiatives, and hybrid work models to maintain productivity and innovation, emerging economies, including India, are focusing on inclusive upskilling, digital literacy, and micro-entrepreneurship to mitigate job displacement and income inequality, and the research also examines economic traits such as labour productivity, wage polarization, human capital investments, and employability indices to understand HRM’s macroeconomic impact. By correlating HRM strategies with measurable economic indicators, this study provides a quantitative and qualitative basis for understanding resilience-building through human capital management. The researchers, in their research aims to find work contributes a comparative, data-informed framework linking HRM strategies with economic resilience outcomes under AI and with globalization pressures.