The textile industry is one of India's most significant economic sectors, contributing substantially to GDP, employment, and export earnings. This study undertakes a comparative financial performance analysis of five leading Indian textile companies — Arvind Limited, Welspun India Limited, Raymond Limited, Vardhman Textile Limited, and Trident Limited — over the five-year period from 2021 to 2025. Using secondary data sourced from annual reports and financial databases, the study employs key financial ratios spanning profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and solvency dimensions. These include Net Profit Margin, Gross Profit Margin, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Current Ratio, Asset Turnover Ratio, Inventory Turnover Ratio, Working Capital Turnover Ratio, Debt-Equity Ratio, Debt-to-Asset Ratio, and Interest Coverage Ratio. Findings reveal significant inter-firm variation: Vardhman Textile Limited and Welspun India Limited demonstrated consistently strong profitability and financial stability, while Raymond Limited exhibited volatility with negative returns in earlier years followed by notable recovery. The study concludes that effective cost management, optimal capital structure, and technological innovation are critical determinants of financial performance in the textile sector.