Financial vulnerability among scheduled castes and tribes (SC/ST) in India is a persistent concern, despite affirmative action measures. These communities confront severe economic difficulties that have their roots in systemic problems including restricted access to jobs and educational opportunities. Their capacity to make wise judgments is impacted by poorer financial literacy levels, which are a result of educational inequality. Incomes are uncertain due to restricted employment prospects, and their financial precariousness is made worse by restricted access to financial resources. These problems are exacerbated by discrimination and social isolation, which feeds a vicious cycle of economic fragility. A comprehensive strategy is needed to address this problem, one that includes more accessible financial services, better employment prospects, and focused educational programs. Policymakers and stakeholders must work together to remove systemic impediments, provide economic empowerment to SC/ST communities, and promote a more robust and inclusive financial system.