Tariff reforms, non-tariff barriers, and World Trade Organization (WTO) policies play a decisive role in shaping the structure and direction of global trade and economic growth. Over the last few decades, multilateral trade negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO have significantly reduced tariff levels across countries, fostering trade liberalization and economic integration. These reforms have enhanced global market access, improved competitiveness, and stimulated economic growth, particularly in emerging and developing economies. However, the decline in tariffs has been accompanied by the increasing prevalence of non-tariff barriers (NTBs), including technical standards, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, subsidies, licensing requirements, and administrative procedures, which often restrict trade more subtly yet more effectively than tariffs. This study is entirely based on secondary data collected from WTO reports, World Bank and IMF databases, UNCTAD publications, government reports, and peer-reviewed academic literature. The paper examines the effectiveness of tariff reforms in promoting trade liberalization, analyzes the growing impact of non-tariff barriers on global trade flows, and evaluates the role of WTO policies in ensuring a transparent, predictable, and fair multilateral trading system. The findings suggest that while tariff reductions have positively influenced export competitiveness, foreign direct investment, and economic growth, persistent non-tariff barriers and protectionist measures continue to constrain the full potential of global trade, especially for developing countries. The study emphasizes the need for regulatory simplification, institutional capacity building, and digital trade facilitation to strengthen trade integration and achieve sustainable economic growth.