The increasing effects of climate change, in the form of frequent droughts, extreme flooding, and ever-increasing temperatures, are threatening the working conditions of the world's water and energy infrastructure, as well as its sustainability in the future. Conventional financial tools have not been suitable to meet the scale and urgency of the resilience demand, particularly in areas with limited fiscal power that are the worst hit by climatic perturbations. This review challenges the modern financing principles that combine sustainability requirements, technological advancement, and inclusive governance systems into the investment blueprints. Basing the analysis on the theoretical basis of sustainable finance, resilience economics, and innovation systems, the instruments (green bonds, blended finance vehicles, ESG-grounded capital, and blockchain-enabled transaction platforms) are evaluated in their ability to attract private capital and, at the same time, achieve transparency and accountability. Case studies of the regions, based on the African, Asian, and American continents, shed light on the fact that successful patterns rely on multisectoral collaboration, reorganization of institutions, and the digital revolution. However, the barriers such as poor governance systems, data deficiencies, and deep-seated socio-economic imbalances are still there. The concept of smart financing, therefore, can only be viewed as a framework of governance that combines ethical, financial, and technological principles to foster adaptive, equitable, and performance-based infrastructure. The further development of these strategies will require strengthened policy coordination, harmonized data infrastructures, and inclusive governance to ensure that climate finance towards resilient water and energy systems is adequate, efficient, and fair.