Agriculture is the lifeline of Indian economy. It is still contributing about 16.5 percent to Gross Domestic Product of the economy. India is pre-dominantly an agriculture based country with nearly three-fourth of its population living in rural areas. Indian agriculture is a gamble of monsoon. There are various fluctuations in agricultural production. The basic causes are irregularity in monsoons, recurring droughts and floods which result in sudden rise and fall in the total output. 

India’s agriculture was backward and qualitatively traditional by nature at the time of independence. Since independence, India has made substantial progress in the agricultural sector in terms of growth in output, yields and area under many crops. After the independence, Indian government has been adopting many strategies for the development of agriculture areas. In this area first achievement got when wheat and rice production increased three to four times during mid-1960s. Reason behind that was the increasing productivity by the used of modern technology and inputs. Indian production and productivity has been increasing since Green revolution with increasing use of synthetics fertilizers, high yielding seeds, expand of irrigations facilities, power and electricity in farm operations. The agriculture production and productivity are directly connected with the advance technology adoption. At that time India was the largest producer of fruits, cashew, nuts, coconuts and milk in the world, the second largest producer of wheat, vegetables, sugar and fish and third producer of rice and tobacco. A stronger growth in agriculture would lead to higher income for farmers, generate more employment opportunities and sharply reduce poverty.

KEYWORDS: Agriculture, rice production, Green revolution, Crops, water and soil