[1] Prescott, Op Cit , PP 13-17.
[1] Yadav A S, Genesis of Geographical Boundaries of the World, (New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1993), p. 20.
[1] Prescott, Op Cit , PP 13-17.
[1] Das Pushpita, Op Cit, PP 10.
[1] Das Pushpita, loc cit.
[1] Singh Surindur, Op Cit, PP 183-186.
[1] Verghese BG, Why the Kashmir Story Needs Fresh Retelling, Asian Conversations, New Delhi, Jun 2011, http:// www.asianconversations.com/Kashmir.php
[1] Das Pushpita, Op Cit, PP 11.
[1] Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, Kashmir the True Story, , http://www.mea.gov.in/ staticfile / meapublication/19jk01.pdf, PP 1.
[1] Das Gautam, Op Cit, PP 3.
[1] Ibid.
[1] Interaction of the author with army authorities in May 2015 at Army Headquarters, New Delhi.
[1] Annual Report 2010-11, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India, PP 44.
[1] Border Area Development Programme (BADP): Revised Guidelines (February, 2009) Ministry of Home Affairs.
[1] Kanwal Gurmeet,“Seal of Trouble”, Force,Vol 1, No 12, August 2004, page 16.
[1] Jaspal Singh, “Security of India’s land Borders”, CLAWS journal, Winter 2009, pages 118-130.
[1] Ibid, page 119.
[1] Singh Surindur, Op Cit, PP 77.
[1] Das Gautam, Op Cit, PP 104.
[1] Singh Surindur , Border Management of India’s Land Borders, Trikut Radiat Publications, 2003, PP 67.
[author] => Dr. Sanjay Kumar [googlescholar] => https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=KeqZGcIAAAAJ&hl=en [doi] => [year] => 2018 [month] => March [volume] => 6 [issue] => 3 [file] => eprapub/EW201803-01-002398.pdf [abstract] =>Boundaries are the framework of a nation. The location of boundary determines the rules and laws that the people have to follow, the national culture with which they would be identified with, and many other such things. Boundary questions have often led to war in the history for numerous reasons. Before one delves deeper into this subject, one needs to define the terms that are often used as synonyms: boundary and border. To sum up, boundary is to be defended in times of war; border has to be patrolled in times of peace to prevent illegal immigration and to control smuggling, trafficking etc; and needs to be consolidated by evolving appropriate socio – economic and political policies[i]. Boundaries perform a variety of functions, namely, political, strategic, administrative and cultural and also have a psychological, economic, cultural, anthropological and a strategic significance.
KEY WORDS: Border, Boundaries, Border Guarding Forces, Illegal Immigration, Indian Sub-Continent, Neighbours, RAW
[i] Prescott, Op Cit , PP 13-17.