To ensure the accessibility of financial resources in India, the Government, through the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), mandates lending to sectors that may be neglected by banks and face challenges in accessing loans due to their weaker financial positions. This initiative traces back to 1967 when the then Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister, Morarji Desai, first proposed the idea of providing loans to priority sectors. At present, priority sectors encompass agriculture, MSMEs, export credit, education, housing, social infrastructure, renewable energy, professionals, self-employed individuals, and economically Weaker sections of society. To provide a conceptual and theoretical framework read through a large number of previously completed scholarly works that are available in various forms of publications and are closely connected with the present study. It provides insights into terminology, definitions, and methodologies, while also showcasing developed techniques and models. Therefore the researcher aims find the Theoretical and Conceptual Literature Review related to PSL in India. This study endeavors to uncover work and implications of commercial banks' engagement in priority sector lending, which has hitherto been underexplored.