This literature review explores various dimensions of tourism, encompassing its economic impact, sustainability challenges, digital transformation, and evolving niche segments. Drawing from a diverse range of studies, the review highlights the critical role of tourism in economic development, regional competitiveness, and cultural preservation across Europe and Southeast Asia. Key themes include the efficiency of tourism economies, climate change implications, sustainable tourism strategies, and the intersection of digitalization with eco-tourism. The review also examines contemporary concerns such as benefit tourism, pandemic resilience, and tourism-driven environmental degradation. By synthesizing findings from multiple case studies and empirical analyses, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the current trends and future directions of global tourism. The insights generated offer valuable perspectives for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to enhance tourism’s contribution to sustainable economic growth and cultural enrichment.