Education is vital for sustainable development, aligning with UN SDG 4 and Kenya's Vision 2030. The Kenya Literature Bureau (KLB) supports this by publishing educational materials. Despite its crucial role, the organization faces significant internal challenges in leadership and organizational structure. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of corporate governance practices on the organizational performance of the Kenya Literature Bureau. The study specifically evaluated how accountability and fairness influenced organizational performance, utilizing Agency Theory as the primary framework, supplemented by Stakeholder Theory and the Resource-Based View. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting all 240 staff members at KLB, with a sample size of 150 selected through proportionate and random sampling methods. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, and a pilot study was conducted to refine these tools. Quantitative data analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 28 including correlations and regression analyses, to explore relationships between variables. The study results revealed that the multiple correlation coefficient (R) of .581 indicates a moderate to strong positive relationship between these governance factors and organizational performance, suggesting that improvements in accountability and fairness are associated with enhanced performance outcomes. The coefficient of determination (R²) of .338 reveals that approximately 33.8% of the variation in organizational performance can be explained by accountability and fairness, while the remaining variation is influenced by other factors outside the model. Based on the findings that accountability and fairness significantly enhance organizational performance at the Kenya Literature Bureau, it is recommended that the institution prioritize strengthening these corporate governance practices. Specifically, management should implement clear policies and frameworks that promote transparency and responsibility to reinforce accountability at all organizational levels.