AI is transforming the U.S. economy, innovating across healthcare, manufacturing, finance, and agriculture, and posing special challenges. This literature review summarizes peer-reviewed published papers to study the consequences of AI and adaptation methods in these areas. Healthcare is the area that can benefit greatly because of accurate diagnostics, and it also has the problem of privacy and fairness. Manufacturing becomes efficient, but at the risk of the displacement of jobs. Finance increases fraud detection against cybersecurity threats. Agriculture enhances production amid the connectivity constraints. The review also finds weaknesses, including biased algorithms, labor shifts, and infrastructure deficiencies, and recommends specific initiatives, including re-skilling, regulatory revision, and community outreach and engagement, to ensure AI is incorporated fairly. By outlining the various impacts that AI has, this study will equip policymakers and industry leaders with evidence-based information to lead to sustainable economic growth and the trust that society has in it. The results highlight the importance of tailored policies to strike a balance between innovation and stability to ensure that AI can make the U.S. economy even stronger while addressing ethical and social issues.