This study examines the strategic transformations and resilience mechanisms shaping the global and Uzbekistan reinsurance markets amid rising financial instability and intensifying catastrophic risks. The analysis evaluates proportional and non-proportional reinsurance models, capital adequacy dynamics, retention and gearing ratios, and the growing role of alternative risk-transfer instruments such as insurance-linked securities (ILS) and catastrophe bonds. The findings show that reinsurance functions not only as a risk-transfer tool but also as a critical stabilizing mechanism that strengthens insurers’ capital structures, enhances portfolio diversification, and increases market confidence. For Uzbekistan, the study highlights the rapid growth of reinsurance premiums, expanding cooperation with foreign reinsurers, and the need to align national solvency practices with international standards to reinforce financial stability.