It is substantiated that the development of the digital economy under modern global transformations significantly affects the formation and maintenance of economic security at the national and institutional levels. The existing economic security models, formed within the framework of traditional economic relations, do not fully correspond to the conditions of digital transformation and therefore require theoretical and methodological revision. The study proves that the digital economy not only generates new economic opportunities, but also creates additional risks and threats that directly influence the stability and sustainability of economic systems. The authors argue that ensuring an adequate level of economic security requires the formation of a comprehensive theoretical and methodological framework based on the integration of digital technologies, institutional mechanisms and state regulatory instruments. Particular attention is paid to identifying the key components of economic security in the digital environment, taking into account technological, informational, financial and social factors. The paper substantiates the expediency of developing methodological approaches to assessing economic security in the context of digitalization, which allow timely identification of internal and external threats and the formation of effective response mechanisms. The role of the digital economy as a decisive factor in transforming economic relations, production processes and management systems is highlighted. It is proved that the digital economy acts as both a catalyst for economic growth and a structural determinant of economic security, requiring systematic scientific understanding and methodological support.