This article examines the modernization of exchange rate policy frameworks in emerging economies within the context of increasing financial integration, capital flow volatility, and recurrent external shocks. It explores the structural transition from rigid or heavily managed exchange rate arrangements toward more flexible, market-based regimes complemented by inflation targeting and macroprudential regulation. The study analyzes the institutional, operational, and communication dimensions of exchange rate policy modernization, emphasizing the interaction between monetary policy credibility, foreign exchange interventions, reserve management strategies, and financial market development. Particular attention is given to the role of exchange rate pass-through, capital flow management tools, and expectations anchoring in enhancing policy effectiveness.