The theoretical framework for improving geo-economic cooperation between China and Central Asia under The Belt and Road (BRI) initiative represents a critical endeavor to analyze and enhance the multifaceted relationships between these regions. The BRI, a significant geopolitical and economic strategy introduced by China, aims to strengthen connectivity and cooperation across various nations, particularly those in Central Asia. This study contributes to the theoretical underpinning of geo-economic collaboration by examining the historical context, geopolitical considerations, economic interests, and cultural dynamics influencing China-Central Asia relations. The research synthesizes existing literature on regional cooperation, economic development, and international relations, incorporating perspectives from both Chinese and Central Asian scholars. Furthermore, the theoretical framework addresses the importance of policy coherence, institutional capacity building, and inclusive decision-making processes to ensure the successful implementation of BRI projects in the Central Asian context. The study advocates for a holistic approach that considers the diverse economic, political, and cultural landscapes of the participating nations.