This study explores the historical trends in groundnut cultivation in India, tracing its evolution from the early 20th century to the present day. Groundnut, also known as peanut, is a vital oilseed crop that has significantly contributed to India's agricultural economy. The research delves into the major milestones, including the introduction of groundnut during the colonial period, the impact of the Green Revolution, and subsequent technological advancements that have shaped its cultivation practices. The analysis highlights the fluctuations in the area under cultivation, production levels, and yield per hectare over different periods, emphasizing the role of climatic conditions, market dynamics, and policy interventions. By examining regional disparities and the influence of state-specific agricultural practices, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the factors contributing to the diverse patterns of groundnut farming across India. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced by groundnut farmers, including climate change, pest infestations, and economic constraints, while also identifying opportunities for sustainable growth and development. The results highlight the necessity of sustained research and development, government backing, and the implementation of sustainable techniques in order to guarantee the sustainability and financial viability of groundnut farming in India.