Among the most important environmental problems of our age; changes in global climate and the reflections of this situation, the negative impact of developing industry on the natural environment, environmental pollution resulting from the increasing population and unplanned and unconscious consumption of natural resources are the leading problematic areas. These types of elements and activities that have a corrosive effect on nature open the door to serious problems affecting all biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere elements, especially air, water and soil pollution. In this context, the pressure on the ecosystem is especially serious due to its size and prevalence. Therefore, it is of great importance to use ecosystem resources, which are renewable but polluted and consumed at a rate above the rate of renewal and are at the basis of many natural and human problems due to their sometimes excess and sometimes deficiency, since they do not show a regular distribution on the earth, within the scope of sensitive planning. In this respect, basins should be considered together with all ecosystem components and evaluated with holistic and sustainable approaches.