Agricultural laborers are the socially and economically poorest section of the society. Agricultural laborers are those who work on the land of others on wages. They constitute the historically deprived social groups, displaced handicraftsmen, and dispossessed peasantry. They are the poorest of the poor in rural India. Overcrowding and growth of agricultural laborers continued unabated, given poor labor absorption in the non-agricultural sector and also inadequacies of reforms in the agrarian structure. They are facing a multitude of challenges, including low wages, seasonal employment, irregular working hours, lack of job security, high debt levels, exploitation of child and women labor, etc. The present labor force survey report stated the percentage of workers in the agriculture sector increased marginally from 45.5 percent in 2021-22 to 45.8 percent in 2022-23 and 46.1 percent in 2023-24. The wages of agriculture varied state to state, ranging between Rs. 200 and 300. In the same way, they do not get a regular basis of work, and to a large extent, they remain unemployed and underemployed. This chapter attempts to critically examine the agricultural laborers in India who face a variety of problems and challenges. Still, the government enacted many policies and schemes for resolving labor problems in India but failed to stop migration to other sectors and unemployment.