Launched in 2000, the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) aims to provide all-weather road connectivity to previously unconnected villages across rural India. This study explores the program’s impact on rural connectivity and its broader implications for economic development across different Indian states. By conducting a state-wise analysis, the research assesses how rural road infrastructure has improved access to markets, boosted agricultural productivity, enhanced healthcare and educational access, and generated employment opportunities in rural areas. The study relies on secondary data, including government statistics, survey findings, and case studies, to evaluate the socioeconomic benefits of improved connectivity. Results indicate that states with higher implementation efficiency under PMGSY have experienced notable gains in rural livelihoods, market integration, and economic growth. However, persistent challenges such as inadequate road maintenance, difficult terrain, and funding constraints continue to hinder uniform progress. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the sustainability of rural road networks and maximizing their long-term economic and social impact.