American agriculture faces the key challenge of increasing crop productivity while managing resource constraints and environmental sustainability concerns. This study examines the impacts of precision farming technologies on crop yield optimization in U.S. agriculture through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis. The research systematically evaluates peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and academic publications to assess how GPS-guided equipment, Variable Rate Technology, remote sensing, and integrated precision systems influence crop yields and farm profitability. The findings reveal that Variable Rate Technology generates the most substantial impacts, with yield increases reaching 62 percent alongside fertilizer reductions of 60 percent and pesticide reductions of 80 percent. GPS-guided systems achieve yield improvements of 5 to 10 percent with concurrent resource savings of 10 to 20 percent. Economic analysis demonstrates that precision agriculture adoption increases average return on investment by 22.3 percent and net profit by 18.5 percent. However, adoption remains limited at 27 percent nationally, with large-scale farms exceeding $350,000 income, which shows 68 percent adoption; however, small farms face significant barriers, including high capital costs and technological complexity. This study concludes that precision farming technologies offer transformative potential for sustainable agricultural intensification, but realizing these benefits requires differentiated policy strategies that lower adoption barriers for smallholders and provide targeted financial support mechanisms.