Agriculture accounts for approximately 25-28% of Uzbekistan's GDP, yet fungal pathogens cause annual yield losses ranging from 15% to 40% depending on the crop and region. This article analyzes the current state of disease control, where over 300 types of fungicides are registered for use. Current data shows a strategic shift: while chemical treatments still cover 70% of affected areas, the application of biological control agents (e.g., Trichoderma) has increased by 12% in the last three years. The study highlights that integrated pest management (IPM) efficiency in wheat and cotton clusters has reached 82-85%, though climate-driven shifts in pathogen virulence remain a critical challenge for food security.