The present paper examined the estimation and relationship between the Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) and Bare Necessities Index (BNI) of rural area in Satara district. It covered four selected tehsils to analyze the relationship between the Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) and the Bare Necessities Index (BNI). The exercise of estimation of SLSI based on three main dimensions i.e., social equity, economic efficiency, and ecological security along with its three sub-indicators of each dimension. Likewise. the estimation of BNI of Satara district is based on five main dimensions i.e., access to clean water, sanitation, housing, micro-environment, and other facilities also their 15 sub-indicators. This study observed that Mahabaleshwar tehsil has the lowest BNI and SLSI ranking whereas Koregoan tehsil was highest in BNI and second highest in SLSI. Phaltan tahsil has the highest SLSI whereas second highest in BNI as compared to selected tehsils in Satara district. The Bare Necessities Index (BNI) of Satara district was 0.531 whereas Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) 0.566 during study period. Hence overall position of Satara district BNI and SLSI comes under medium category.