stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 12808
    [paper_index] => 202404-01-016553
    [title] => LEUKOPLAKIA OF THE BLADDER. (Literature review)
    [description] => 
    [author] => R.R. Sakhatalieva
    [googlescholar] => 
    [doi] => 
    [year] => 2024
    [month] => April
    [volume] => 10
    [issue] => 4
    [file] => 918pm_69.EPRA JOURNALS  16553.pdf
    [abstract] => This article describes the concepts, prevalence, risk factors and etiology of leukoplakia of the bladder. It has been established that leukoplakia of the bladder is a typical expression of metaplasia of the transitional epithelium into squamous epithelium with keratinization, caused and maintained by chronically occurring inflammatory and neurotrophic processes in the bladder. This disease occurs exclusively in female patients aged 16-80 years, with an average age of 32.6-39.5 years. The causes of leukoplakia of the bladder are a violation of the embryonic development of the bladder mucosa, the presence of a specific infection (tuberculosis, syphilis), hypovitaminosis of vitamin A. B, inflammation, hormonal imbalance , as well as the destruction of the normal glycosaminoglycan layer of the urothelium under the influence of urogenital infection.
    [keywords] => bladder, leukoplakia, frequency, risk factors, etiology, morphology.
    [doj] => 2024-04-22
    [hit] => 1801
    [status] => y
    [award_status] => P
    [orderr] => 69
    [journal_id] => 1
    [googlesearch_link] => 
    [edit_on] => 
    [is_status] => 1
    [journalname] => EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
    [short_code] => IJMR
    [eissn] =>  2455-3662 (Online)
    [pissn] => - --
    [home_page_wrapper] => images/products_image/11.IJMR.png
)
<br />
<b>Warning</b>:  file_get_contents(https://eprajournals.com/files_list/918pm_69.EPRA JOURNALS  16553.pdf): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
 in <b>/home/eprajournals-admin/htdocs/eprajournals.com/app/controllers/HomeController.php</b> on line <b>84</b><br />
Error fetching PDF file.