stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 16759
    [paper_index] => 202506-01-022781
    [title] => THE IMPACT OF DISINFORMATION ON NATIONAL SECURITY POLICYMAKING: A REVIEW
    [description] => 
    [author] => Mohammed Hafiz Nabila, Matilda Thompson
    [googlescholar] => 
    [doi] => https://doi.org/10.36713/epra22781
    [year] => 2025
    [month] => June
    [volume] => 11
    [issue] => 6
    [file] => fm/jpanel/upload/2025/June/202506-01-022781.pdf
    [abstract] => With the United States being the target of sustained disinformation campaigns from its adversaries in the last few years, it is obvious that national security and policy formulation have been saddled with a different kind of challenge- one that attacks the fabric of the U.S. society by directly influencing perceptions and actions of Americans. This review highlights the different information terminology, traces the beginnings of disinformation, and its implications on national institutions and national security. This paper examines disinformation within the context of Information Warfare and Cognitive Warfare. Policymaking to counter disinformation must be deliberate and sustained, involving all stakeholders in American society, and avoid overconcentration on foreign actors while internal elements cause deep divisions and continue to alienate segments of the society. This balanced focus on internal and external threats will enhance the United States’ chances of winning this war. 
    [keywords] => Disinformation, National Security, Information Warfare, Cognitive Warfare
    [doj] => 2025-06-26
    [hit] => 
    [status] => 
    [award_status] => P
    [orderr] => 215
    [journal_id] => 1
    [googlesearch_link] => 
    [edit_on] => 
    [is_status] => 1
    [journalname] => EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
    [short_code] => IJMR
    [eissn] =>  2455-3662 (Online)
    [pissn] => - --
    [home_page_wrapper] => images/products_image/11.IJMR.png
)
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