Corporate governance plays a critical role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the banking sector. This study conducts a comparative analysis of corporate governance practices in public and private sector banks in India using secondary data from Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reports. Key governance parameters such as board composition, audit committee structure, transparency measures, and financial performance indicators—including Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Non-Performing Assets (NPAs)—are examined. To evaluate the statistical significance of governance differences between public and private banks, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis are conducted. The findings reveal whether structural and regulatory variations impact governance effectiveness and financial stability across banking sectors. The study provides insights into the strengths and challenges of corporate governance frameworks in Indian banks, offering policy recommendations for enhancing governance standards to ensure long-term banking sector sustainability.