Women plays a pivotal role in Indian agriculture and constitute a significant part of the agricultural labour force. This study explores the socio-economic conditions, work participation patterns and challenges faced by women agricultural labourers in Ooty, Nilgiris district. Primary data were collected from 51 women agricultural labours using structured questionnaires and interviews between December 2024 and February 2025. The findings reveal that the majority of women agricultural labours work in tea plantations, with limited participation in vegetable farming or both. Educational attainment varies across age groups, with older women being more likely to be illiterate. Key challenges include long working hours, health issues, adverse climatic conditions and difficulty balancing domestic responsibilities with agricultural work. Financial assistance emerged as the most critical factor for productivity, while access to technology remains minimal. The study underscores the need for gender-sensitive agricultural policies, improved technological access, and targeted support systems to enhance the well-being and productivity of women agricultural workers in hilly regions.