Studies of global environmental politics consistently point out differences in policy and practice between developed and developing nation-states. The former acknowledge both domestic and global problems of the environment and in recent decades have moved environmental issues toward the center of national action agendas. Changes in public attitudes on the environment constrain leaders, as grass roots organizations and in many states green parties and movements pressure governments. New political institutions, particularly environmental ministries, focus state attention on issues, and because these nations have high levels of economic development, they possess the means to mitigate environmental degradation and take steps toward a sustainable future. In contrast, developing nations tend to lack resources, capable institutions, and civic associations motivated by environmental goals. 1. 1972 Stockholm’s Conference: World Leaders met in Stockholm, Sweden for the United Nations Conference on Human Environment. The Stockholm Conference led to the establishment of UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) to negotiate environmental treaties among nations and to help implement them. 2. June 1992 Rio Conference on the Environment: the second United Nations Conference on the Human Environment - known as the Rio Earth Summit - was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 100 heads of state and thousands of public officials and more than 1,400 accredited Non-governmental Organizations (NGO’s) from 178 nations met to develop plans for addressing environmental issues. 3. 2002 Johannesburg’s Conference on the Environment. The third International Conference on the environment was held in Johannesburg, South Africa in the summer of 2002. The Politics of local environmental Issues often Conflict with that of International Politics on the Environment. a) In the less developed countries, illiteracy, poverty, hunger and internal conflicts influence and/or limit domestic perception of environmental problems. b) In the rich countries, private managers of corporations wield far-reaching powers over stakeholders and employees and therefore make decisions that affect the public without any clearly defined responsibility to the people. Corporate managers also wield a lot of influence on politicians and public policy by virtue of their ability to make political campaign contributions. Aside the campaign contributions, the powerful Corporate Managers lobby Congress and Senate to pass laws that favor Industry against the Environment.