This systematic literature review examines the current perspectives and future directions of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) and sustainable investment. The review synthesizes empirical studies and meta-analyses to explore the relationship between ESG integration and financial performance, the non-financial impacts of ESG integration, the performance of ESG investments over different time horizons, and the challenges and opportunities in sustainable investing. It also investigates methodological approaches in ESG research and identifies future research directions, including the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the linkages between ESG factors and corporate financial reporting, the development of robust ESG performance metrics and benchmarks, the analysis of investor behavior and decision making, and the comparative analysis of ESG rating agencies. The findings highlight the positive relationship between ESG integration and financial performance, the potential non-financial benefits of ESG integration, and the need for data quality improvement and standardized reporting frameworks. The implications of this research inform actionable recommendations for investors, practitioners, and policymakers to enhance ESG integration and promote sustainable investment practices.