The article deals with the features of the lexical system of the Russian language. The issues of archaization of the vocabulary of the Russian language are raised. It is noted that in the linguistic literature there is no systematic and monographic study of the reasons for the archaization of the vocabulary of the Russian language of a certain period. Linguistic considerations of the reasons for the emergence of this process are given. It is concluded that dearhaization is a specific process that has not received a generally accepted formulation and assessment, taking into account extralinguistic and intralinguistic conditions.