This study examines gender disparities in prisoner mortality in Uganda using data from 2015 to 2020, sourced from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The analysis compares reported deaths of male and female prisoners, with a chi-squared test applied to determine any significant association between gender and mortality. The computed chi-squared value of 0.860, lower than the critical value of 11.070, leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis, indicating an association between gender and prisoner mortality. We recommend addressing gender-specific needs and enhancing healthcare access within Uganda’s prison system.