This study explores the socio-economic and demographic profile of slum dwellers residing in two selected localities of Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan—Transport Nagar (Gandhi Nagar) and Jethwai Road (Kishan Ghat). Utilizing a qualitative survey research design, the study gathered primary data from 50 purposively sampled households, covering a total of 421 individuals. The research aimed to assess multiple dimensions including age distribution, marital status, education, occupation, income levels, caste, religion, and reproductive patterns such as age at marriage and childbirth. The findings reveal a high prevalence of early marriage and adolescent motherhood, low levels of education and literacy, predominance of informal and unskilled occupations, and severe income constraints—with 78% of households earning between ₹4,000–₹6,000 monthly. Additionally, the majority of the population belongs to socio-economically disadvantaged caste groups such as EWS, OBC, and ST. These conditions collectively indicate a complex web of marginalization shaped by poverty, social exclusion, and inadequate access to essential services. The study concludes with targeted policy recommendations advocating for improved access to education, healthcare, livelihood opportunities, and inclusive urban development strategies to address the entrenched vulnerabilities of slum communities.