Farmers are the main backbone of the economy. Divided into different groups according to the income of the farmer. The smallholder farming community is economically and socially very backward. This research mainly studies the small holder farmers in 10 talukas of the rural division of Nagpur district. The social and economic problems of the smallholder farmer focus on every aspect of it. This research has studied the policies of the government, various schemes, and the efforts to be made at the local level. Small land holder farmers are the lower tier of the farming business. A small holder farmer who owns less than 4 acres of land is a small holder farmer. A smallholder farmer is defined at various levels. Agriculture is low, and naturally, economic income is low, so its standard of living is determined by it. Economic and social life is of a lower quality than other farmers. In Nagpur district, small holder farmers are found in almost all talukas. In India, there are small holder farmers in all the states and in Maharashtra, the proportion of small holders is generally higher in the Marathwada region.