This paper aims at examining the role of job autonomy in organizations and its relation to employee performance. This will be achieved by providing a critical review of the subject matter in existing management literature. In recent years, the concept of job autonomy has gained increasing importance in the practice of Human Resource Management. Even some studies claimed that job autonomy directly affects job performance and some of its indicators including job satisfaction, motivation, job engagement, and job commitment. As a result, the current paper aims at studying the effect of job autonomy on employee performance by critically reviewing the existing work of human resource scholars. The study concluded that job autonomy influences employee performance and recommends that Human resource managers in the public sector ought to enhance job autonomy by increasing the control employees have over what they are supposed to accomplish.