Globally, obesity is a major health issue that is considered a risk factor for chronic metabolic syndrome and different types of cancers like breast, liver, colorectal, endometrial, and esophageal cancer. This article provides a review of the current literature on the association between obesity and cancer, exploring the underlying molecular pathways. This article also discusses the role of inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hyperinsulinemia in cancer development and survival. The review emphasizes the importance of reducing obesity in order to lower the risk of cancer and improve cancer outcomes, as well as the need for greater awareness of the relationship between obesity and cancer.