This article is devoted to the study of modern approaches of the branch of historical sciences and provides for the study of trends and schools (madhhabs), religious teachings, the history and source studies of Islam. As well as methods and methodology for the study of the history and source studies, historiography of Islam, codicology and hermeneutics of Muslim sources, hagiographic and genealogical literature of Islam, philological aspects of sources on Islam, the study of the scientific heritage of scholars of the Islamic world, including Transoxiana, their place and role in the development of world civilization.