Throughout human history, plants have played a significant role in medical treatments, and traditional medicine continues to be widely practiced today [1]. Countries like India and China have a strong emphasis on their traditional systems of medicine, and their respective governments take necessary measures to support these practices. The World Health Organization estimates that traditional medicine serves as the primary healthcare for approximately 80% of the global population. One of the main reasons for this is the low cost of herbal medicines compared to modern pharmaceuticals, as they can be grown from seeds or sourced from nature at minimal or no expense. In Ayurvedic medicine, Katuki (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth) is a highly popular hepatoprotective drug. It is primarily used for treating hepatic disorders but also known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-asthmatic, and weight management properties. The plants bioactive compounds, such as iridoids, cucurbitacin, and acetophenones, are considered to be the most important. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the herb, including information from various Samhitas (ancient Ayurvedic texts) and its study in modern areas.