The advent of mRNA-based therapies has revolutionized the field of medicine, offering promising solutions for various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders. However, the efficient delivery of mRNA molecules to target cells remains a significant challenge. Nanoparticle-based approaches have emerged as a versatile and effective strategy to overcome the obstacles associated with mRNA delivery. This comprehensive review explores the current state of nanoparticle-based approaches for mRNA delivery, highlighting key advancements, challenges, and future prospects.