This comprehensive review explores the intricate landscape of downstream processing in viral vector manufacturing, a pivotal phase in the production of viral vectors for gene therapy and vaccine development. Beginning with an overview of viral vectors and their diverse applications, the paper delves into the significance of downstream processing in achieving high-quality, pure viral vector preparations. The scope encompasses the types of commonly used viral vectors, considerations based on their specific characteristics, and the entire downstream processing workflow, emphasizing its connection with upstream processing. The detailed exploration of harvesting, clarification, and initial purification techniques, including chromatography, sets the stage for discussions on concentration, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and sterile filtration. Formulation and storage considerations, analytical techniques, and regulatory compliance further contribute to a comprehensive understanding of downstream processing challenges and best practices. The paper concludes by unravelling emerging technologies and future trends that hold promise in overcoming current limitations, providing a roadmap for researchers and industry professionals navigating the complexities of viral vector manufacturing.