Homogeneous catalysis, particularly employing transition metal complexes, has emerged as a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry due to its high efficiency, selectivity, and tunability. This paper reviews recent advancements in transition metal-based homogeneous catalysis for the synthesis of organic molecules with a focus on sustainable and green methodologies. Key catalytic transformations, including hydrogenation, oxidation, C-C and C-X bond formation, and asymmetric synthesis, are discussed, highlighting innovative catalyst designs, reaction mechanisms, and applications in industrial and academic settings. Challenges and future directions in the field, such as the development of Earth-abundant metal catalysts and expansion of catalytic methodologies to new substrate classes, are also addressed. The integration of homogeneous catalytic processes into sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is emphasized, showcasing the potential of this field to drive the development of environmentally friendly synthesis routes.