The novel Days Gone by by the Uzbek writer Abdulla Kadiri is not only the first masterpiece of Uzbek literature but also one of the unique historical novels of all world literature. The author reflects the events of Turkestan in the second half of the XIX century and describes many social problems of that time and accurately conveys the way of life of the Uzbek people. For this reason, this work has been translated several times into many languages of the world. Today the novel Days Gone By attracts the attention of many researchers in the field of theory of translation. This article discusses the translated versions of the novel into Russian and English, demonstrating the difference between the methods of translating word realias, such as the principles of historical, cultural, and national adequacy in translation, and also reflects the problems arising in the translation of realias into another language.