The article considers a comparative analysis of soil landscapes and insect fauna in biocenotic changes of Karakalpakstan. The article also notes that many places have turned into a desert due to the drying up of the Aral Sea, where drying of vegetation due to salinization has led to an increase in the number of harmful insects. Insect pests cause serious harm to plants mainly at the larval stages, and beetles and worms of adult insects cause serious damage by gnawing out the leaves of plants.