The Indian derivatives market has seen significant growth since its inception, becoming one of the largest in the world. Historically, derivatives were primarily used by institutional investors for risk management, but in recent years, retail investors have become increasingly active participants. This paper explores the structure of the derivative market in India, its evolution, regulatory environment, and the growing participation of retail investors. It also examines the risks and opportunities presented by derivatives for retail investors, and discusses the implications for financial literacy, market stability, and policy.