Mutrautsanga is an Ayurvedic term used to describe urinary retention, a condition characterized by the inability to fully void the bladder. This disorder, primarily related to the vitiation of Vata dosha, aligns with the modern medical condition of urinary retention, which can arise from neurological disorders, mechanical obstructions, or infections. While modern medicine addresses this condition through catheterization, medications, and surgery, Ayurvedic management focuses on balancing the body's doshas and restoring natural urinary function. Ayurvedic therapies such as Basti (medicated enema) and Uttarbasti, along with herbal remedies like Varuna, Punarnava, and Gokshura, play a vital role in treating Mutrautsanga by promoting diuresis, clearing obstructions, and tonifying the urinary system. This review highlights both the Ayurvedic and modern perspectives on urinary retention, discusses the strengths and limitations of each approach, and suggests that a complementary strategy combining both systems of medicine may provide a more holistic and effective solution for long-term management and prevention of recurrence.