This study evaluates the economic efficiency of greenhouse farming in Uzbekistan through the lens of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. As greenhouse agriculture gains prominence for increasing crop yields and mitigating the risks posed by climate change, a comprehensive assessment framework is necessary to ensure long-term sustainability and profitability. Traditional economic metrics focus primarily on short-term financial returns; however, the ESG approach emphasizes the need to align economic performance with environmental conservation, social responsibility, and good governance. The research explores key factors influencing greenhouse farming efficiency in Uzbekistan, including water and energy usage, carbon emissions, labor practices, and regulatory compliance. It assesses how sustainable resource management, equitable employment, and transparent governance impact both profitability and the broader agricultural ecosystem. Findings indicate that ESG-driven greenhouse farms demonstrate higher resilience, better resource efficiency, and improved access to green financing and international markets. The study concludes that integrating ESG principles not only enhances economic performance but also positions Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector to meet global sustainability standards. The results provide actionable insights for policymakers, investors, and agricultural stakeholders, encouraging the adoption of ESG metrics as a strategic tool for sustainable development. By aligning economic goals with environmental stewardship and social equity, Uzbekistan can leverage greenhouse farming as a model for sustainable agricultural growth, fostering both local and global food security.