The building construction industry is one of the largest consumers of energy derived from fossil fuels in various forms. As the world's population grows, so does the demand for housing, infrastructure, and development. Building materials have a high embodied energy due to chemical processes and other variables, notwithstanding advancements in technology. This study emphasizes the importance of using natural materials like bamboo, which are energy-efficient, have lower embodied energy, and are environmentally friendly. The study used a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) to assess the tensile and compressive strength of treated and untreated bamboo, comparing them to concrete and steel. Bamboo has the potential to be a sustainable building material for both small and large buildings, reducing the carbon footprint. It can be cultivated in numerous areas with no effort and is quickly refilled. Plants are a valuable source of herbal remedies for treating specific diseases and disorders. Indigenous medicinal plants are increasingly being used in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) due to their considerable contribution to pharmaceuticals. Bambusoideae is a big Poaceae grass family with 119 genera and 1482 species. Approximately 70% of Asia's bamboo woods are covered. This study will provide an overview of the ethnobotanical relevance and traditional knowledge of therapeutic plants in the Bambusoideae. This review provides valuable information on medicinal plants, their applications, and parts used by indigenous people and societies in Asian locations. Bamboo has made major contributions to the ethnobotanical area, particularly as medicines for various ailments, as reviewed here. Ethnobotanical data has successfully contributed to the CAM. This review on ethnobotany and traditional knowledge of bamboo has numerous benefits and can serve as a foundation for future study in the pharmaceutical area, both locally and worldwide. Herbal medications are commonly utilized in medical systems to treat and manage various disorders. Gold bamboo shoots (Bambusa vulgaris) have significant nutritional value, making them a viable food source. Gold bamboo plants have been traditionally utilized to heal human ailments. The phytochemical composition of this plant includes carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, phytosterols, triterpenoids, oils, and lipids. Gold bamboo has traditionally been used to treat malaria and diabetes. This plant has several pharmacological properties, including analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antikidney stone, hepatoprotective, diuretic, abortifacient, anti-anxiety, and renal disease actions.