This review comprehensively explores the traditional and modern applications of medicinal plants in promoting scalp and hair health, emphasizing their pharmacological properties, bioactive compounds, and therapeutic efficacy. The plants reviewed include Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and Castor Oil (Ricinus communis). These botanicals, each with a unique profile of bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, fatty acids, and antioxidants, have demonstrated multifaceted benefits for hair care. Reetha acts as a natural cleanser, Fenugreek stimulates hair growth and prevents hair loss, while Orange Peel promotes scalp health with its antioxidant-rich content. Flaxseed provides nourishment to hair follicles, Hibiscus enhances hair strength and shine, and Castor Oil improves thickness and reduces hair breakage. The review emphasizes the ability of these plants to address common hair and scalp concerns such as dryness, dandruff, hair fall, and weak strands through their cleansing, moisturizing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Unlike synthetic hair care solutions, these natural remedies are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and gentle on the scalp. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological studies, this work highlights their mechanisms of action and potential applications in sustainable personal care products. Furthermore, it identifies gaps in current research and advocates for the standardization of formulations and clinical trials to validate these remedies’ efficacy and safety. This review not only reinforces the relevance of medicinal plants in hair care but also supports the growing trend toward natural and comprehensive wellness practices.